What Are Cataracts?

Cataracts are a condition in which the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, affecting the passage of light to the retina. The lens, which is normally clear, can become cloudy due to age, genetics, diabetes, smoking, or prolonged exposure to UV radiation. As the cataract progresses, it can cause symptoms such as blurred vision, glare, difficulty seeing at night, and the perception of faded colors. Cataracts are common among older adults, and most people will develop some degree of cataract as they age.

Indications for Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is typically recommended when cataracts cause significant vision impairment that interferes with daily life. Early-stage cataracts may be managed with corrective eyewear, but as the cataract worsens, surgery becomes the most effective treatment option. Common indications for surgery include difficulty reading, driving, or performing tasks that require clear vision. Surgery is also advised if cataracts interfere with the management of other eye conditions, such as glaucoma, as it can improve the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions.

The Cataract Surgery Procedure

Cataract surgery is a minimally invasive procedure, typically performed on an outpatient basis. The most common technique is called phacoemulsification, which involves using ultrasound energy to break up the cloudy lens into smaller pieces. These pieces are then removed through a small incision. Once the cataract is removed, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in the same location where the natural lens was. The IOL restores focus, improving vision.